UJ Press follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines to identify and deal with articles or information that must be retracted.  See https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines

Retractions

According to COPE, Retractions is a mechanism for correcting the literature and alerting readers to manuscripts that contain such seriously flawed or erroneous content or data that their findings and conclusions cannot be relied upon. Unreliable content or data may result from honest error, naïve mistakes, or research misconduct. The main purpose of retraction is to correct the literature and ensure its integrity rather than to punish the authors. Retractions may be used to alert readers to cases of redundant publication, plagiarism, peer review manipulation, reuse of material or data without authorisation, copyright infringement or some other legal issue, unethical research, and/or a failure to disclose a major competing interest that would have unduly influenced interpretations or recommendations.’ (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines, page one of website).

Retractions are Considered

If there is evidence of major errors, plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification, or if the manuscript has previously been published elsewhere, either in full or if a substantial portion of the article was published elsewhere, without proper attribution, permission, or justification. 

If a publication includes material or data used without proper authorisation or infringes on copyright, it might require retraction due to legal issues.

Should unethical practices such as unethical peer reviews, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or biased interpretations of the work by peer reviewers be detected, then an article may need to be retracted.  

Notices of Retraction

Notices of retraction will be linked to the retracted article, clearly identify it with title and authors, and will be published promptly and will be freely accessible to all readers.

Retraction notices with UJ Press will distinctly indicate that they are retractions, stating who is retracting, giving a full explanation for the reasons for retraction, and maintaining an objective tone without inflammatory language.

Retractions are inappropriate if authorship is disputed but not the findings of the study, the main results are reliable, evidence is inconclusive, or reported conflicts of interest likely did not influence the manuscript’s conclusions.

Errata

If partial errors or flaws are detected, a full retraction will not be implemented.  In this case, errata will be issued.  UJ Press will distinctly indicate what errors were identified, giving a full explanation for the reasons for notifying readers of these errata, and in doing so will maintain an objective tone without inflammatory language.

(Please note the above is taken from the COPE guidelines https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines).